Tag Questions for ESL Students

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“Tag questions” are one of the more difficult areas for ESL and EFL students. They know that you are asking a question, but the difficulty is in figuring out whether their answer should be a positive (yes) or a negative (no) answer. This is the first problem.

Understanding intonation is the other difficult area of tag questions for ESL students. As most native English speakers know, when a tag question is used, it can be used in two ways: (1) when the speaker doesn’t know the answer to the question and is asking for an answer, and (2) when the speaker is not really asking a question, but rather, is asking for agreement from the listener. For example, “It’s a beautiful day, isn’t it?” The speaker isn’t really asking for a weather report, but rather, is making a comment and asking the speaker to agree with him or her.

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English Reference-The Passive Voice

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The Passive Voice

Form:
A) The passive voice of an active tense is formed by putting the verb to be into the same tense as the active verb and adding the past participle of the active verb. The subject of the active verb becomes the ‘agent’ of the passive verb. The agent is very often not mentioned. When it is mentioned it is preceded by and placed at the end of clause:

B) Examples of present, past and perfect passive tenses:
Active: We keep the butter here.
Passive: The butter is kept here
Active: They broke the window.
Passive: The window was broken.
Active: People have seen wolves in the streets.
Passive: Wolves have been seen in the streets.

C) The passive of continuous tenses requires the present continuous forms of to be, which are not otherwise much used:
Active: They are repairing the bridge.
Passive: The bridge is being repaired.
Active: They were carrying the injured player off the field.
Passive: the injured player was being carried off the field.

Other continuous tenses are exceedingly rarely used in the passive, so that sentences such as: They have/had been repairing the road or They will/would be repairing the road are not normally put into the passive.

D) Auxiliary+infinitive combinations are made passive by using a passive infinitive:
Active: You must/should shut these doors.
Passive: These doors must/should be shut.
Active: They should/ought to have told him. ( perfect infinitive active)
Passive: he should/ought to have been told. ( perfect infinitive passive)

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A Role Play Activity with Distance Learners in an English Language Classroom

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A Role Play Activity with Distance Learners in an English Language Classroom by Pramela Krish
Introduction
In recent years, language teaching has focused on the learning process rather than the teaching of the language. The emphasis is not only on linguistic competence of the language learners but also on the development of their communicative ability. In order to develop the learners’ communicative ability, the teacher needs to create a scenario to teach the target language in a vibrant, active and interesting manner.

Thus, extended activities in the form of role play, simulations and problem solving are vital in developing the communicative ability of the learners. These activities require the learners to go beyond a text. They require the learners to have a sound understanding of a text and be able to apply their knowledge outside the classroom and their own experiences into the activities.

According to Crookall and Oxford (1990), there is little consensus on the terms used in the role playing and simulation literature. A few of the terms often used interchangeably are ‘simulation’, games, role play, simulation-game, and role play simulation and role playing game.

Extended activities can be carried out at different levels depending on the learners’ language proficiency. The role of the teacher in such activities will often depend on the learners and their language abilities. However, the teacher is not wholly responsible for the learners’ language acquisition as students must also play their part to be motivated in following the lesson.

Scarcella and Crookall (1990) elaborate how simulation facilitates second language acquisition. In three learning theories they discuss how learners acquire language when:

  1. they are exposed to large quantities of comprehensible input;
  2. they are actively involved; and
  3. they have positive attitudes.

In this paper, the writer shares her experiences on a role play with distance learners in an English Language classroom.
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What are Personal Pronouns?

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What are Personal Pronouns?

Personal Pronouns in English are used to replace nouns that refer to people. Personal Pronouns can be used as the sentences subject or objective. English doesn’t have singular and plural forms of “you”. “You” is used for both male and female and singular and plural.

Example of Personal Pronouns
Subject Personal Subject Objective Personal Pronouns The pronouns are used to replace the name of the people or person
I - I went to the store. Me -Is Mary going to come with me to the doctor.
You - You went to store. You - Did you are Mary eat all the cookies.
He - He went to the store. Him - John is going to give him the books soon.
She - She went to the store Her - Mary is going to give her the books soon.
We - We went to the store. Us - When is Tom going to give us the books.
They - They went to the store. Them - Mary went to see them this morning.
It - It was a good cake It - I am glad it worked out in the end.
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