Marmara Elt Resources

Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) originates from CAI (Computer-Assisted Instruction). The philosophy of CAI or CALL is that the lessons should allow the learners to learn on their own using structured and/or unstructured interactive lessons. These lessons carry 2 important features: bidirectional (interactive) learning and individualized learning. CALL is not a method. It is a tool that helps teachers to facilitate language learning process. CALL can be used to reinforce what has been learned in the classrooms. It can also be used as remedial to help learners with limited language proficience

Some people may call it a courseware, an educational computerized program. CALL is not a software in the sense that it is not an application program or a utility program. This basic definition will distinguish CALL from other software applications. Therefore, given the definition and features of CALL, word processing program, spreadsheet program, graphic presentation software such as PowerPoint, Internet (a general term) are not considered as CALL. Chat, e-mail, and forum cannot be categorized as CALL since they do not provide interactive learning materials and individualized learning. Interactive does not simply mean giving reaction to learners’ input. Interactive in CALL means feedbacks are given after learners’ inputs are assessed by the system to help learners improve their language competency, which may include language skills. In addition, interactive features in CALL ensure that learning process takes place when learners engage in the lessons. Well-programmed interactive CALL lessons will provide feedbacks in terms of scores, guidelines, and customized lessons that are suitable for individual learners to move on. The design of CALL lessons must take into considerations some language pedagogical principles which may be derived from learning theories (behaviorism, cognitive, and constructivism) and second language learning such as Krahshen’s Monitor Theory. Read the rest of this entry »

An Introduction to Speed Reading by Adam Harley
Speed reading isn’t too difficult. Try a couple of these tips and techniques, and you can already increase your reading speed.
speed reading is an enhanced form of reading. It uses many of the same methods and ideas, but enhances them to the point where speed reading is better than regular reading in nearly every way. Speed reading mainly has to do with better understanding language structure, and applying that knowledge when reading.
These are just a couple of tips that might help you increase your reading speed. This is by no means a speed reading manual or course, but it will help you get an idea of good techniques for increasing reading speed and comprehension.
Read the rest of this entry »

ESL Literature Library-The Indian Who Lost His Wife
(Retold by Andrew Lang)
ONCE upon a time there was a man and his wife who lived in the forest
far from the rest of the tribe. Very often they spent the day in
hunting together, but after awhile the wife found that she had so many
things to do that she was obliged to stay at home; so he went alone,
though he found that when his wife was not with him he never had any
luck. One day, when he was away hunting, the woman fell ill, and in a
few days she died. Her husband grieved bitterly and buried her in the
house where she had passed her life; but as the time went on he felt so
lonely without her that he made a wooden doll about her height amid
size for company and dressed it in her clothes. He seated it in front
of the fire and tried to think he had his wife back again. The next
day he went out to hunt, and when he came home the first thing he did
was to go up to the doll and brush off some of the ashes from the fire
which had fallen on its face. But he was very busy now, for he had to
cook and mend, besides getting food, for there was no one to help him.
And so a whole year passed away.
Read the rest of this entry »

ESL Literature Library-Manabozho and the Woodpeckers
(Adapted from H. R. Schoolcraft)

MANABOZHO lost the greater part of his magical power through letting
his young wolf grandson fall through the thin ice and drown. No one
knew where his grandmother had gone to. He married the arrow maker’s
daughter, and became the father of several children, but he was very
poor and scarcely able to procure a living. His lodge was pitched in a
distant part of the country, where he could get no game, and it was
winter time. One day he said to his wife, “I will go out walking and
see if I can find some lodges.”

After walking some time he finally discovered a lodge at a distance.
There were children playing at the door, and when they saw him
approaching they ran in and told their parents Manabozho was coming.
Read the rest of this entry »